Triphenodioxazine acid dyes

ABSTRACT

Triphenodioxazine dyes which, in the free acid form, have the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is Cl or Br; Y is cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene or (CH 2 ) x  where x is 2, 3 or 4; and 
     Z is NRCO 2  R 1  or ##STR2## wherein R is H, optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl; 
     R 1  is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl or optionally substituted aryl; and 
     R 2  is --CH═CH--,--CH═CH--CH 2  --,--(CH 2 )-- 2-4  or a 1,2-radical of a 5 or 6 membered carbocyclic compound; 
     or, when Y is cyclopentylene or cyclohexylene, Z may also be H or alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy or amino, all of which may be optionally substituted.

This invention relates to acid dyes of the triphenodioxazine series.

Dyes of the triphenodioxazine series are well known and often bear sulphonic acid groups making them suitable for colouring various substrates e.g. as direct dyes for cellulose such as paper and as acid dyes for polyamides such as wool and nylon.

We have now discovered a novel class of such dyes which show good properties e.g. strength of colouration often better than closely related known dyes.

According to the present invention there are provided triphenodioxazine dyes which in the free acid form are of the formula: ##STR3##

wherein A is Cl or Br;

Y is cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene or (CH₂)_(x) where x is 2, 3 or 4; and

Z is NRCO₂ R¹ or ##STR4##

wherein R is H, optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl;

R¹ is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl or optionally substituted aryl; and

R² is CH═CH--, CH═CH--CH₂ --, (CH₂)--₂₋₄ or a 1,2-radical of a 5 or 6 membered carbocyclic compound;

or, when Y is cyclopentylene or cyclohexylene, Z may also be H or alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy or amino, all of which may be optionally substituted.

As examples of optionally substituted alkyl or aryl groups represented by R and R¹, there may be mentioned methyl, ethyl, 1- and 2-propyl, 1- and 2-butyl, 1-, 2- and 3-hexyl, 1-, 2- and 3-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-chloropropyl, phenyl, tolyl, anisyl, nitrophenyl, sulphophenyl, chlorophenyl, bromophenyl, carboxyphenyl, cyanophenyl, acetylaminophenyl, methoxycarbonylphenyl and ethoxycarbonylphenyl.

As examples of groups represented by R² there may be mentioned --CH₂ CH₂ --, --CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ --, --CH₂ CH(CH₃)--, --CH₂ CH(C₆ H₅)CH₂ --, --CH₂ CH(CH₂ C₆ H₅)CH₂ --, --CH₂ CHNH₂ --, --CH₂ CH(NHCOCH₃)CH₂ --, --CCl═CCl--, 1,2-phenylene, 4-sulpho-1,2-phenylene, 4-methyl-1,2-phenylene, terachloro or tetrabromo-1,2-phenylene, 1,2-cyclohexylene, 1,2-cyclohex-1-enylene, 1,2-cyclohex-4-enylene, 1,2-cyclohexa-1,4-dienylene and 1,2-cyclohexa-2,4-dienylene.

Preferred dyes of formula (1) have one or more of the following features:

(a) A is Cl,

(b) Y is (CH₂)_(x) with x as 3 or especially 2, or cyclohexylene,

(c) Z is NRCO₂ R¹, or Z is alkyl when Y is cyclohexylene,

(d) R is C₁₋₄ alkyl optionally substituted by Cl or, especially, R is H

(e) R¹ is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl or especially C₁₋₆ alkyl both optionally substituted by OH, CN or Cl or R¹ is phenyl optionally substituted by C₁₋₄ alkyl,

(f) R² is --(CH₂)₂ or 3, --CH═CH--, --CH═CH--CH₂ --, 1,2-phenylene, tetrachloro- or tetrabromo-1,2-phenylene, 1,2-cyclohexylene, 1,2-cyclohexenylene or 1,2-cyclohexadienylene.

The dyestuffs of formula (1) in which Z contains a nitrogen atom linked to Y (i.e. those groups defined above which may be linked to all possible Y groups) may be conveniently manufactured by reacting an amino triphenodioxazine of the formula: ##STR5## with a chloroformate Cl.CO₂ R¹, a dibasic acid R² (COOH)₂ or derivative thereof such as acid chloride or anhydride, where A, R¹ and R² have the meanings given above.

The reaction is carried out under conventional conditions appropriate for the interaction of the above reagents with amino groups. Often this may be conveniently performed in aqueous media at room temperature or slightly above at a mildly alkaline pH e.g. 8 to 9. In some instances where hydrolysis of the reagent is rapid it may be necessary to work in non aqueous media.

The reaction with R² (COOH)₂ is usually most conveniently conducted using the corresponding anhydride which is often the cyclic anhydride ##STR6## and is confined to reaction with aminotriphenodioxazines of formula (2) in which R is H. The initial reaction product is a dyestuff of formula (1) in which Z is --NH--COR².COOH. By heating under acidic conditions the dyestuffs of formula (1) with Z as ##STR7## are formed. This cyclisation often takes place readily e.g. at 50° C. in an aqueous medium of mildly acidic pH e.g. 4-5. In other instances higher temperature or use of glacial acetic acid medium may be necessary.

It is often found that the cyclised product is a superior dye to the precursor with Z as NH.COR² COOH. In some instances e.g. the dyeing of wool or nylon normal dyebath temperatures and pH values would be such as to lead to cyclisation.

Examples of suitable reactants for the above process include:

ethyl chloroformate

butyl chloroformate

cyclohexyl chloroformate

phenyl chloroformate

maleic anhydride

succinic anhydride

glutaric anhydride

phthalic anhydride

tetrachlorophthalic anhydride.

The aminotriphendioxazines of formula (2) for use in the above process are obtained by conventional means e.g. a chloroquinone such as tetrachloroquinone of the formula ##STR8## is reacted with 2 moles of a diamine of the formula: ##STR9## e.g. N-4-aminophenyl ethylene diamine or N-(4-amino-2-sulphophenyl)ethylene diamine and the resultant dianilide cyclised, A, Y and R having the meanings given above. Oleum is often used for the cyclisation process which may be accompanied by some sulphonation of aromatic groups present.

The dyes of formula (1) in which Y is not linked to a nitrogen atom in Z (i.e. those in which Y can only be cyclohexylene or cyclopentylene) may be manufactured by reacting a chloroquinone of formula (3) as given above with 2 moles of a diamine of the formula (5): ##STR10## in which Y is cyclohexylene or cyclopentylene and Z is H or alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy or amino, all of which may be optionally substituted, and cyclising the resultant dianilide.

The cyclisation of the dianilide may be carried out under conventional conditions e.g. heating in oleum and as previously indicated some sulphonation may accompany this step.

As examples of diamines of formula (5) there may be mentioned:

N-(4'-amino-2'-sulphophenyl)-4-methylcyclohexylamine,

N-(4'-amino-2'-sulphophenyl)-4-ethoxycyclohexylamine,

N-(4'-amino-2'-sulphophenyl)-4-cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine,

N-(4'-amino-2'-sulphophenyl)-3-methylcyclopentylamine.

The dyes of this invention may be isolated in the free acid form but it is usually more convenient to have them, at least partially, in the form of salts e.g Na, K, Li or NH₄ salts. The dyes all have same solubility in water but in instances where this is low it may aid even dyeing to convert the isolated dye into a finely divided form and mix it with dispersing agent.

The dyes of this invention are valuable dyes usually of a bright blue hue. They may be used as direct dyes for cellulose in the form of fibres or paper. They may also be used as acid dyes e.g. for wool or nylon. They can be applied by conventional colouration techniques such as printing, padding or exhaust dyeing.

The resulting colouration has good fastness properties and the dyes of the present invention frequently show greater tinctorial strength and/or better dyeing behaviour than related known triphenodioxazine dyes e.g. dyes of formula (1) in which Z is H, alkylamino or acetyl- or benzoylamino. They also show advantages over anthraquinone dyes commonly used for bright blue dyes.

The invention is illustrated by the following Examples. The initials M.I. signify "molecular index" which is the weight of any material containing one mole of the pure chemical species named.

EXAMPLE 1

To 3,10-bis-(beta-aminoethylamino)-6,13-dichloro-4,11-disulphotriphenodioxazine (M.I. 2546; 25 g), in water (350 g) at pH 8.0 and 20°, was added succinic anhydride (3 g) dissolved in acetone (50 g). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour, while maintaining the pH at 8.0, then potassium chloride (80 g) was added, and the precipitated carboxyamide filtered off and dried (19.6 g).

The solid was boiled in acetic acid (150 g) for 5 minutes then isolated by filtration to give the bis succinimido derivative (9.6 g), λmax 620 nm.

The dyestuff gave bright blue shades when applied from mildly acid dyebath at 90°-100° C. to nylon which showed excellent fastness to washing and to light.

EXAMPLE 2

To 3,10-bis-(beta-aminoethylamino)-6,13-dichloro-4,11-disulphotriphenodioxazine (M.I. 2131; 42.6 g) in water (400 g) at pH 8.0 and 20°, was added maleic anhydride (7.8 g) and the reaction mixture stirred for 1 hour while maintaining the pH at 8.0.

Hydrochloric acid was then added to give a pH of 4.0, the solution heated to 90° for 1/2 hour, and finally salted to 10% with potassium chloride. On cooling the bis maleimide was filtered off, washed with potassium chloride solution and oven dried to give the product (18.6 g), λmax 620 nm.

The dyestuff gave clear blue shades on nylon which showed excellent fastness to washing and to light.

EXAMPLE 3

To 3,10-bis-(beta-aminoethylamino)-6,13-dichloro-4,11-disulphotriphenodioxazine (M.I. 2546; 51 g) in water (400 g) at pH 8.0 and 20°, was added phthalic anhydride (8.9 g) dissolved in acetone (75 g). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours, while maintaining the pH at 8.0, then potassium chloride (80 g) was added to salt out the carboxyamide. The solid was isolated by filtration, washed with potassium chloride and dried to give the product, λmax 620, (14 g).

The above compound was ring closed to give the bis phthalimide by the method described in Example 1.

The carboxyamide and the phthalimide both dyed nylon in clear bright blue shades of excellent fastness.

EXAMPLE 4

To 3,10-bis-(beta-aminoethylamino)-6,13-dichloro-4,11-disulphotriphenodioxazine (M.I. 2546; 25 g) in water (400 g) at pH 8.0 and 20°, was added tetrachlorophthalic anhydride (8.6 g) dissolved in dimethylformamide (50 g). The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature, pH 8.0, the pH dropped to 4.0 with hydrochloric acid, heated to 90° for 10 minutes then cooled and salted to 20% with sodium chloride. The tetrachlorophthalimide product (16 g), λmax 620, dyed nylon in bright blue shades of excellent fastness to water and to light.

EXAMPLE 5

To 3,10-bis-(beta-aminoethylamino)-6,13-dichloro-4,11-disulphotriphenodioxazine (M.I. 2546; 25 g) in water (400 g) at pH 8.5, 25°, was added phenyl chloroformate (5 g) and the reaction mixture stirred at 25°-30°, for 4 hours, while keeping the pH at 8.5. Sodium chloride (20 g) was added, the solid isolated by filtration, washed and oven dried to give the phenyl urethane dyestuff (14 g), λmax 620.

The dyestuff dyed nylon in bright blue shades of excellent fastness to water and to light.

EXAMPLE 6

To 3,10-bis(beta-aminoethylamino)-6,13-dichloro-4,11-disulphotriphenodioxazine (M.I. 2546; 25 g) in water (400 g) at pH 8.5, was added n-butyl chloroformate (4 g) and the reaction mixture stirred for 11/2 hours at 25°-30°, while keeping the pH at 8.5. Sodium chloride (20 g) was added, the solid isolated by filtration, washed with water and oven dried to give the n-butyl urethane dyestuff (10 g); λmax 618 nm.

The dyestuff dyed nylon and wool in bright blue shades of excellent fastness to water and to light.

EXAMPLE 7

To 3,10-bis(beta-aminoethylamino)-6,13-dichloro-4,11-disulphotriphenodioxazine (M.I. 2546; 25 g) in water (400 g) at pH 8.5, was added cyclohexyl chloroformate (4 g) and the reaction mixture stirred for 2 hours at 25°-30°, while keeping the pH at 8.5. Sodium chloride (20 g) was added, the solid isolated by filtration, washed with water and oven dried to give the cyclohexyl urethane dyestuff (9 g); λmax 620 nm.

The dyestuff dyed nylon and wool in bright blue shades of excellent fastness to water and to light.

Further Examples of dyestuffs of Formula I were prepared in a similar manner and are identified in Table 1 by the substituents A, Y and Z.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                         Ex-                                                                            am-                                                                            ple  A     Y            Z               λ.sub.max                       ______________________________________                                         8    Cl    CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2                                                                           NHCOOC.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                           620                                    9    "     "            NHCOOC.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                           620                                    10   "     "            NHCOOC.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                                          625                                    11   "     CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2                                                                   ##STR11##      615                                    12   Br    CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2                                                                           NHCOOC.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                           620                                    13   Cl    "                                                                                            ##STR12##      630                                    14   "     "                                                                                            ##STR13##      626                                    ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 15

(a) To 4-chloro-3-sulphonitrobenzene (130 g) in water (2 liters) was added cyclohexylamine (75 ml) and sodium carbonate (26.5 g). The reaction mixture was heated at 90° for 10 hours, cooled and the solid so formed isolated by filtration to give 4-cyclohexylamino-3-sulphonitrobenzene (120 g).

(b) The above nitro compound (120 g) in water (3 liters) and palladium charcoal (5%; 2 g) was hydrogenated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure to give 4-cyclohexylamino-3-sulphoaniline which was filtered to remove catalyst but was not isolated.

(c) To the above solution was added charcoal (150 g) and the reaction mixture heated at 50°, pH 7.0, for 4 hours. The pH of the solution was lowered to 3, salt (20%) added and the derived dianilide isolated by filtration to give the product (146 g; M.I. 970).

(d) The above dianilide (97 g) in 20% oleum (900 g) at 20° was stirred for 8 hours. Drowning into ice (5 liters) gave a blue solid which was isolated by filtration, washed with saturated brine and oven dried to give 3,10-bis(beta-cyclohexylamino)-6,13-dichloro-4,11-disulphotriphenodioxazine (106 g; M.I. 1500).

The dyestuff dyed nylon and wool in bright blue shades of excellent fastness to water and to light.

The Examples listed in Table 2 were prepared in a manner similar to Example 15, the dyestuffs being identified by the substituents A, Y and Z.

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                         Example  A     Y           Z          λ.sub.max                         ______________________________________                                         16       Cl    cyclohexyl  p-methyl   620                                      17       "     "           p-t-butyl  620                                      18       "     "           p-dodecyl  622                                      19       "     "           p-methoxy  620                                      20       "     "           o-cyclohexyl                                                                              618                                      21       "     "           m-methyl   617                                      22       "     "           p-propyl   620                                      23       "     "           p-isopropyl                                                                               620                                      24       "     "           p-n-butyl  621                                      25       "     "           p-isopropoxy                                                                              620                                      26       "     "           p-amyl     619                                      27       "     "           p-hexyl    622                                      28       "     "           p-heptyl   617                                      29       "     "           p-octyl    618                                      30       "     "           p-nonyl    620                                      31       "     "           p-decyl    620                                      32       "     "           p-methoxyethoxy                                                                           620                                      33       "     cyclopentyl hydrogen   618                                      34       "     "           3-methyl   620                                      35       Br    cyclohexyl  p-ethyl    620                                      ______________________________________                                     

We claim:
 1. A triphenodioxazine dye which, in the free acid form, has the formula: ##STR14## wherein A is Cl or Br; Y is (CH₂)_(x) in which x is 2, 3 or 4; andZ is NRCO₂ R¹ or ##STR15## wherein R is H; R¹ is alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl; and R² is --CH═CH--, --CH═CH--CH₂ --, --(CH₂)₂₋₄ -- or a 1,2 radical of a 5 or 6 membered carbocyclic compound. 